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When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule is an ion.

What is proton number and electron number?

  • The total number of protons in the nucleus is known as the atomic number, sometimes known as the proton number, and it is denoted by the letter Z.
  • An electrically neutral atom has exactly as many electrons as its atomic number.
  • Therefore, the nucleus has a total electrical charge of +Ze.
  • For neutrally charged species, the number of electrons in an atom is equal to the atomic number of an element.
  • This indicates that an element has an equal amount of protons and electrons. Consequently, there are 8 electrons in oxygen.
  • Number of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic N
  • Number of Protons =  Atomic Number

Learn more about proton number and electron number here

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