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For Vina, cigarettes reduce feelings of tension and anxiety. Because of her heavy smoking, however, she has a bad morning cough and breathing difficulties. How can the principles of operant conditioning help to explain the development and continuation of Vina's self-defeating smoking habit.

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Answer:

Vina's smoking behavior is continuing because of the side effectsof smoking (e.g., the stimulant effects of nicotine, such as stress relief, a sense of well being, alertness, and decreased appetite) outweigh her health impairments (a bad morning

cough and breathing difficulties).

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